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Famous Landmarks in Edinburgh

Famous Landmarks in Edinburgh

Edinburgh Scotland, UK Travel Guide

Iconic Landmarks

These must-visit sites carry significant historical and cultural weight. Edinburgh Castle, perched atop Castle Rock, has a history spanning over a millennium. The Royal Mile connects the Castle to the Palace of Holyroodhouse, forming the Old Town's backbone.

Arthur's Seat, an extinct volcano, and Calton Hill, with its monuments, offer unparalleled panoramic city views. The Scott Monument stands as a tribute to Sir Walter Scott, and the National Museum of Scotland houses collections of Scottish history and world cultures. Book tours here.

Visitor Essentials

  • Edinburgh Castle: Open daily, around 9:30 AM - 5:00 PM. Adult admission approx. £19.50-£22.00 (online booking may include a discount). Audio guides are available.
  • Palace of Holyroodhouse: Open daily, typical hours 9:30 AM - 4:30 PM. Adult admission approx. £19.50. Audio guide included.
  • National Museum of Scotland: Open daily 10:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Admission to permanent collections is free.
  • Arthur's Seat/Calton Hill: Always open and free to access.

Best Viewing and Hidden Gems

Photography & Optimal Times

  • Edinburgh Castle: Go in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the largest crowds.
  • Classic views come from Princes Street Gardens or The Vennel (a close off Grassmarket).
  • Arthur's Seat/Calton Hill: Head up for sunrise or sunset for dramatic light and fewer people.
  • Wear sturdy shoes for Arthur's Seat, as paths can be uneven.
  • Royal Mile: Explore numerous closes and courtyards for unique perspectives and quieter corners.
  • Calton Hill: Ideal for taking photos of the city's beauty as day turns to night.

Less Crowded Times & Secret Viewpoints

  • Weekdays during the shoulder or low season generally see fewer tourists.
  • Early mornings, right at opening time, remain consistently less crowded at popular paid sites.
  • The Vennel, a narrow alleyway off Grassmarket, has a framed view of Edinburgh Castle.
  • The ruins of St Anthony's Chapel on Arthur's Seat offer views of Holyrood Palace and the Firth of Forth.

Pre-booking tickets online frequently saves you time and guarantees entry at popular attractions.

Museums & Cultural Institutions

  • National Museum of Scotland: Scottish history, natural history, world cultures, and science. Highlights comprise the Lewis Chessmen.
  • National Gallery of Scotland: Scottish and international art from Renaissance to post-impressionist eras. Free entry.
  • Scottish National Portrait Gallery: Dedicated to the portraits of significant Scots throughout history. Free entry.
  • Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art (Modern One & Two): Modern and contemporary art, including works by Matisse and Picasso. Free entry.

Specialized Museums & Performance Venues

  • Surgeons' Hall Museums:

    Extensive collections of anatomical and pathological specimens, for those with a strong stomach.

  • Museum of Childhood:

    Explore toys and childhood artifacts from the 19th and 20th centuries.

  • The Writers' Museum:

    Dedicated to Scotland's literary giants: Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, and Robert Louis Stevenson.

  • The Real Mary King's Close:

    An underground attraction exploring a preserved 17th-century street under the Royal Mile, offering tours.

  • Cultural Performance Venues:

    Festival Theatre, King's Theatre (musicals, opera), Usher Hall (concerts), Traverse Theatre (new writing), Scottish Storytelling Centre.

Historical Sites

Step back in time at Edinburgh's many historical locations.

Archaeological & Architectural Heritage

  • Holyrood Abbey

    Impressive ruined Augustinian abbey (1128) next to Holyrood Palace, showing medieval ecclesiastical architecture.

  • St Anthony's Chapel

    Ruins of a 15th-century chapel on Arthur's Seat slopes, with views over Holyrood Park.

  • Dean Village

    Picturesque former milling village along the Water of Leith, with old buildings and tranquil charm.

  • Old Town (UNESCO)

    Medieval street plan, tall tenement buildings, narrow closes and courtyards characterize this historic district.

  • New Town (UNESCO)

    Elegant Georgian architecture with symmetrical crescents, grand squares, and wide, planned streets.

  • St Giles' Cathedral

    The High Kirk of Edinburgh, on the Royal Mile, a central place of worship and history.

Religious Sites

Greyfriars Kirk (historic cathedral and graveyard, famous for Greyfriars Bobby) and Rosslyn Chapel (intricately carved 15th-century chapel, near Edinburgh, accessible by bus) are outstanding.

Memorials & Monuments

Scottish National War Memorial (within Edinburgh Castle) and the National Monument of Scotland (on Calton Hill, an unfinished replica of the Parthenon) honor fallen soldiers.

Industrial & Military Heritage

The Royal Yacht Britannia, the erstwhile royal yacht docked in Leith, serves as a five-star visitor attraction, providing insights into royal life at sea and naval history.

Historical Context: The Royal Mile

The Royal Mile forms the backbone of Edinburgh's Old Town. It joins the Castle at its highest point to the Palace of Holyroodhouse at the foot, representing centuries of the city's urban development.

  • The Mile is divided into four sections: Castlehill, Lawnmarket, High Street, and Canongate.
  • Bordered by historic buildings, narrow closes (alleyways), independent shops, and traditional pubs.
  • Its dramatic incline and medieval layout tell stories of Edinburgh's past.

Natural Attractions

Edinburgh has breathtaking natural scenery within and around its urban landscape.

Arthur's Seat

An extinct volcano offering panoramic views of the city, Firth of Forth, and elsewhere. A wild, rugged escape within walking distance of the city center.

Calton Hill

An iconic hill featuring various monuments. It delivers stunning city vistas, notably at sunset, encompassing the Castle and Forth Estuary.

Royal Botanic Garden

A world-renowned scientific institution having different plant collections, impressive glasshouses (entry fee), and a peaceful arboretum. Main garden entry is free.

Parks, Gardens & Waterways

Princes Street Gardens

A beautiful green space dividing the Old and New Towns, a tranquil oasis beneath Edinburgh Castle.

Explore nearby tours

Holyrood Park

A large royal park around Arthur's Seat, with extensive walking trails, dramatic geology, and scenic views.

Discover park activities

The Meadows

A large urban park popular for recreation, picnics, and sports activities, a favorite among locals.

Water of Leith Walkway

A river flowing through Edinburgh, with a popular walkway that has a green corridor via the city.

Portobello Beach

Edinburgh's urban beach, easily accessible by bus, with a promenade, cafes, and seaside relaxation.

Geological Features

Edinburgh's landscape bears the marks of its volcanic past, with several dramatic geological formations.

Formations

  • Castle Rock: A dramatic volcanic plug that forms the foundation for Edinburgh Castle.
  • Salisbury Crags: A series of cliffs forming part of Arthur's Seat, presenting a striking geological feature.
  • Lion's Head and Dunsapie Hill: Other prominent parts of the Arthur's Seat volcanic complex.

Wildlife Viewing

Opportunities to see various wildlife exist both within the city and on its outskirts.

Where to Spot Wildlife

  • Holyrood Park: Wild deer often graze within the park, providing unique sightings.
  • Water of Leith Walkway: This riverside path offers opportunities to see water birds and small mammals.
  • Edinburgh Zoo: Home to giant pandas, penguins, plus an extensive range of other animals from all over the world.
  • Firth of Forth: Boat trips here present opportunities to see seabirds, seals, and sometimes porpoises.

Hidden Gems

Off-the-Beaten-Path Attractions

  • Dean Village: A picturesque historic village along the Water of Leith, with a tranquil atmosphere.
  • Circus Lane: One of Edinburgh's most lovely and photogenic streets near Stockbridge, with cobbled paving.
  • Cramond Island: A tidal island accessible via a causeway when the tide is out. Check tide times carefully to avoid being stranded.

Local Favorites & Emerging Spots

  • Morningside/Bruntsfield: Affluent residential areas south of the city center with independent shops and cafes.
  • The Hermitage of Braid and Blackford Hill Nature Reserve: Extensive parkland with beautiful walks and city views.
  • Jupiter Artland (outside city): A contemporary sculpture park and gallery of art on a sprawling estate.

Beyond the Usual

Explore less-traveled paths for a fresh perspective of Edinburgh.

Dean Village Photo Ops

Capture its picturesque stone buildings, the historic bridge, and the flowing river for charming photos.

Circus Lane Charm

This cobbled street, with mews houses plus brightly colored potted plants, has a delightful backdrop for unique photographs.

Calton Hill Sunset

Visit Calton Hill at sunset for well-known skyline views, perfect for photographing the city's beauty as day transitions to night.

Emerging & Local Destinations

Leith Regeneration

Leith has undergone significant regeneration. It serves as a destination for dining, independent shops, and leisure activities, drawing both the community and travelers.

Explore Leith activities

Portobello Revitalization

Portobello has also seen revitalization. It is a destination for seaside relaxation, cafes, and its unique beach atmosphere.

Stockbridge's Village Charm

Stockbridge maintains a charming, village-like atmosphere. Its independent shops, cafes, and Sunday market turn it into a local favorite.

Duddingston Village

A historic village near Arthur's Seat, home to Edinburgh's oldest pub, The Sheep Heid Inn. A charming escape.

Blackford Hill Observatory

Offers another excellent viewpoint, notably good for sunsets and a less crowded perspective of the city, alongside an observatory.

Museum Special Exhibits

Edinburgh's museums and galleries regularly host temporary exhibitions, frequently with an admission fee. These changing displays offer fresh perspectives and dives into various subjects.

What to Expect

  • Check websites for current listings and booking information.
  • Specific exhibitions may require separate fees, even at free-entry museums.
  • Exhibits frequently sell out during peak season, so pre-booking is wise.

Archaeological Digs & Tours

While large-scale public archaeological digs are rare in the heart of the city, guided tours of existing sites provide fascinating insights into Edinburgh's layers of history.

Uncover Hidden Histories

  • The Real Mary King's Close provides an underground exploration of a preserved 17th-century street.
  • Historical walking tours often cover archaeological remnants and theories about older structures.
  • Look for specialized tours focusing on Edinburgh's Roman or early medieval past.
  • University-led research frequently uncovers new insights into the city's origins.

Smart Sightseeing Advice

Plan your visits to key landmarks for weekdays and either early morning or late afternoon. This strategy helps avoid the largest crowds and enriches your experience.

Pre-booking tickets online frequently saves time waiting in queues and guarantees entry, especially for popular sites during peak season.

Unique City Perspectives

Beyond the popular viewpoints, Edinburgh offers distinct perspectives that capture its charm.

Panoramic City Roofs

Discover cityscapes from rooftop bars and restaurants. These locations offer elevated views, especially beautiful as the city lights up at dusk.

Recommended Spots

  • Chambers Street Rooftop (National Museum of Scotland): Offers views of the Old Town and Castle.
  • The Lookout by Gardener's Cottage: Located on Calton Hill, it gives modern Scottish dining with stunning views.
  • Skybar at DoubleTree by Hilton: has excellent views across the city, popular for drinks.

Hidden Courtyards & Closes

The Royal Mile has a system of narrow closes and courtyards.

Explore Historic Alleys

  • White Horse Close: A beautifully restored courtyard near Holyrood Palace.
  • Brodie's Close: Connected to the infamous Deacon Brodie, a historical figure.
  • Advocate's Close: Offers a dramatic view down to Princes Road and across to the New Town.

Waterfront Views from Leith

Leith's waterfront has a different visual appeal, with historic docks, modern developments, and views over the Firth of Forth.

Leith Shoreline

  • The Shore: Lined with restaurants and cafes and bars, ideal for a stroll.
  • Royal Yacht Britannia: Permanent dock location, a distinct landmark.
  • Views of the Forth Bridges: From certain points in Leith or nearby coastal areas.

The atmosphere of Leith offers a refreshing contrast to the historic city center.

Gardens & Green Spaces

Beyond the main parks, smaller gardens and green spaces dot the city, offering tranquil spots for contemplation and unique vantage points.

Peaceful Urban Retreats

  • Dunbar's Close Garden: A recreated 17th-century garden on the Canongate.
  • St Cuthbert's Churchyard: Offers serene views of the Castle from a serene place.

These spots are ideal for a quiet moment or an alternative photo opportunity.

Public Art & Sculptures

Edinburgh features a wealth of public art, from historic statues to contemporary installations.

Artistic Explorations

  • New Town Monuments: Classic statues of Enlightenment figures on George Street.
  • Jupiter Artland: A large-scale contemporary sculpture park outside the city.
  • Stockbridge Murals: Look for street art and hidden murals in the village.

Public art frequently blends seamlessly with Edinburgh's historic backdrop.

Seasonal Sightseeing Tips

Summer June-August

Longer daylight hours make outdoor activities and panoramic views more accessible. Be aware of greater crowds and prices, especially during August festivals.

Autumn September-November

Pleasant moderate temps and less congestion. The changing foliage on Arthur's Seat and in the parks adds stunning colors to the landscape.

Winter December-February

Festive atmosphere with Christmas markets and Hogmanay celebrations. Shorter days mean fewer hours for outdoor sightseeing, but attractions are less crowded (except holidays).

Local Etiquette for Historical Sites

When visiting churches or historic graveyards, maintain a respectful demeanor. Photography is often permitted but avoid disturbing others or sacred spaces. Adhere to every posted rules, especially concerning quiet areas or restricted access.