Zanzibar Island Tanzania Travel Guide
Zanzibar is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about 25–50 kilometers (16–31 miles) off the coast of mainland Tanzania. It comprises two large islands, Unguja (often informally referred to as Zanzibar Island) and Pemba Island, and numerous smaller islets. Unguja is the main tourist destination. Its coastal areas feature coral reefs, extensive white sand beaches, and mangrove forests, contributing to its diverse ecosystems. The island’s position in the Indian Ocean provides a warm, tropical climate, influenced by monsoon winds that shaped its trade history for centuries.
Zanzibar's history is a complex weave of African, Arab, Indian, and European influences, creating a true cultural melting pot. Its story traces back to ancient times, with evidence of early African inhabitants.
The island rose to prominence as a central hub in the Indian Ocean spice trade, earning its moniker "Spice Island." From the 10th century, Persian traders established settlements, followed by the Portuguese in the 16th century, who controlled the island for two centuries. The Omani Arabs, in the late 17th century, wrested control from the Portuguese, ushering in a period of intense development. Under Omani sultans, notably Sultan Said bin Sultan in the 19th century, Zanzibar became the capital of the Omani Empire. This era saw a boom in clove plantations and, tragically, the expansion of the East African slave trade, with Zanzibar becoming its main market.
In the late 19th century, British influence grew, leading to Zanzibar becoming a British protectorate. The slave trade was eventually abolished, marking a significant turning point. In 1963, Zanzibar gained independence. A month later, the Zanzibar Revolution overthrew the Arab monarchy, leading to the formation of the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964, when Zanzibar united with Tanganyika.
This history is visible in Stone Town, Zanzibar City's old quarter, an UNESCO World Heritage site. Its architecture, a blend of Arab, Indian, and European styles, reflects the island’s layered past. The intricate carved doors, narrow alleyways, and grand former palaces are physical reminders of its journey from a trade empire to a part of modern Tanzania.
Swahili and English.
Tanzanian Shilling (TZS). US Dollars are also widely accepted.
Tropical, warm year-round with two rainy seasons.
Predominantly Muslim, blend of African, Arab, and Indian influences. Modesty recommended.
Most visitors need a visa, obtainable online (e-Visa) or on arrival.
Zanzibar has travelers with diverse experiences. You can spend mornings exploring the winding alleys of Stone Town, discovering its history and unique architecture, and afternoons relaxing on a white sand beach.
Stone Town (UNESCO World Heritage site), Jozani Forest (Red Colobus Monkeys), Prison Island (giant tortoises), Nungwi and Kendwa beaches, Paje for kitesurfing, Spice Farms.
Snorkeling, diving, kitesurfing, dhow cruises, cultural tours, spice tours, beach relaxation.
Whether you seek adventure, cultural immersion, or simply relaxation under the tropical sun, Zanzibar offers a captivating journey.
Zanzibar has travelers with diverse experiences. You can spend mornings exploring the winding alleys of Stone Town, discovering its history and unique architecture, and afternoons relaxing on a white sand beach.
A Yellow Fever vaccination certificate is usually presented if arriving from or transiting through risk countries.
Enjoy abundant sunshine and comfortable humidity during the dry season, perfect for beach activities and water sports.
Discover Stone Town's history and unique architecture through its winding alleys and historic sites.
Engage in snorkeling, diving, kitesurfing, or visit Jozani Forest for wildlife encounters.
For most international travelers, a visa is needed. Apply through the official Tanzania Immigration Services Department website or obtain one upon arrival.
The most affordable local public transport. They follow fixed routes and are often crowded.
Widely available for direct and private transport. Always agree on the fare before starting your journey.
An International Driving Permit and a temporary Zanzibar permit are needed for self-driving. Caution on roads.
For taxis, tours, and market purchases, polite bargaining is expected. Aim for 50-70% of the initial asking price.
The tropical climate means high temperatures. Drink plenty of bottled water. Purchasing large bottles saves money and plastic waste.
Modesty in dress (shoulders and knees covered) is advisable outside resorts. Respect local customs and traditions.
