Damascus Dimashq, Syria Travel Guide
This city beckons finding of its enduring spirit, to walk paths trod by prophets and kings, and to experience a culture forged over millennia. Though the journey to Damascus holds complexities, the city itself has an unparalleled engagement with a deep and unbroken human story. Plan for a journey that transcends mere sightseeing, a glimpse into the soul of a truly ancient place.
Damascus sits in a strategic location within southwestern Syria, on a high plateau approximately 680 meters (2,230 feet) above sea level. The city spreads along the Barada River, a waterway that has been its lifeblood for millennia, transforming the surrounding arid landscape into a fertile oasis also called the Ghouta. This verdant belt historically furnished abundant agricultural resources, allowing the town to flourish even in a semi-desert environment.
To the west and north, the Anti-Lebanon mountain range, including Mount Qasioun, makes a dramatic backdrop, offering panoramic views of the city below. Mount Qasioun, with its distinct profile, serves as a natural landmark and a cool retreat from city heat during warmer months.
Damascus holds an unparalleled historical narrative, often referred to as the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. Its origins trace to the third millennium BCE, with archaeological evidence suggesting settlement as early as 10,000 BCE. This unbroken chain of human habitation shows a depth of history rarely found elsewhere. Under the Arameans, Damascus blossomed as a prominent city-state. Later, the arrival of Alexander the Great in 333 BCE brought Hellenistic culture, followed by its integration into the Roman Empire. The famous Straight Street, mentioned in the Bible, still exists today, a testament to its Roman heritage.
The Islamic conquest in 636 CE marked a new golden age. In 661 CE, Damascus became the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, the first great Islamic dynasty. During this period, the city reached its zenith, a global center of power, learning, and art. The magnificent Umayyad Mosque, built on the site of a Roman temple and a Byzantine church, crowns this era. Subsequent to the Umayyads, Damascus experienced periods under various dynasties, further enriching its heritage. The 20th century saw the end of Ottoman rule and the path to modern independence. Exploring Damascus connects you with layers of human history, a journey through the annals of time that carries on unfold.
Expect visible security and checkpoints in certain areas.
Foreign currency (USD/EUR cash) is mainly used; international cards find no acceptance.
The unofficial exchange rate is used for daily transactions.
Damascene people show deep hospitality and kindness.
Being discreet is always good, especially regarding photography near certain sites.
Damascus has a multifaceted and deeply historical landscape, where antiquity and modern challenges intertwine. The Old City, an UNESCO World Heritage site, forms the beating heart. Discover the awe-inspiring Umayyad Mosque, a masterpiece of early Islamic architecture, and the legendary Souk al-Hamidiyyeh, a covered market offering everything from spices to traditional crafts. Straight Street, dating back to Roman times, cuts through this historic core, connecting significant religious sites.
Damascene cuisine, famous for its rich flavors and diverse dishes, has a delightful array of meze, grilled meats, and exquisite sweets. Street food, like shawarma and falafel, provides quick and delicious options for an authentic taste.
Beyond the Old City, modern Damascus spreads out. Mount Qasioun, overlooking the city, offers spectacular panoramic views, especially at sunset, a perspective on the city's vastness and itits natural surroundings. The resilience of its people remains a noticeable characteristic.
A visit provides an unique, often intense, but always memorable perspective on one of the world's most enduring cities.
Damascus travel calls for careful groundwork and a realistic grasp of the current situation. While the city has profound historical and cultural experiences, it is no typical tourist destination. Those who venture there, often with specific purposes or deep personal connections, encounter a city of immense historical depth, remarkable cultural heritage, and human spirit, all within a challenging contemporary context.
Always consult the most recent travel advisories from your government before any travel plans. Safety is the highest priority.
Consult a travel health professional well before travel for vaccination advice.
Visa processing takes time and needs a Letter of Invitation.
Bring foreign currency cash as international cards are not accepted.
Damascus has a semi-arid climate, with distinct seasons. Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) present mild and pleasant weather. Summer (June-August) brings hot and dry conditions, often reaching 35-38°C (95-100°F). Winter (December-February) means cool, sometimes cold days, with average highs of 10-15°C (50-59°F) and some rain.
The official currency. Due to sanctions, foreign credit/debit cards find no acceptance. Cash (UNITED states dollars or EUR) is necessary.
DOLLARS or EUR cash is main. Carry smaller bills and coins for ease of exchange.
The unofficial exchange rate is used by the community and travelers for better value. Exchange foreign currency cautiously through trusted local connections.
Basic guesthouse, street food/local eateries, public transport, free attractions.
Mid-tier hotel or traditional Dar, mixed dining, private taxis, site entrance fees.
High-end hotel, fine dining, private driver, private guided tours.
