The Ancient Cities, Sri Lanka
Its sprawling archaeological park, recognized as an UNESCO World Heritage Site, protects a collection of palaces, temples, and monastic complexes. A visit here goes beyond simple sightseeing; it presents a journey through history, connecting with the island's deep spiritual and architectural heritage.
Polonnaruwa sits in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, a region known as the Dry Zone. This location places it within the heart of the island's "Cultural Triangle," a revered area that includes other ancient capitals like Anuradhapura and the rock fortress of Sigiriya.
The city lies on the eastern shore of the massive Parakrama Samudra, a man-made reservoir that dominates the landscape. This vast body of water, meaning "Sea of Parakrama," was a marvel of ancient engineering and remains a part of the area's ecosystem and beauty today. The flat plains surrounding Polonnaruwa contribute to its warm climate, making it ideal for the rice cultivation that has sustained its inhabitants for centuries. Its central position also makes it a base for day trips to nearby national parks, like Minneriya and Kaudulla, famous for their elephant gatherings. Polonnaruwa's geographical setting shaped its history, lending strategic defense and fertile ground for a flourishing civilization.
Polonnaruwa rose to prominence in the 10th century AD, following the decline of Anuradhapura as the island's capital. It was the capital for approximately two centuries, reaching its zenith under the reigns of King Parakramabahu I (1153-1186 AD) and King Nissanka Malla (1187-1196 AD).
The city's fall in the 13th century, due to invasions and internal strife, led to its abandonment and the jungle reclaiming its magnificent structures. Polonnaruwa remained largely forgotten until its rediscovery and subsequent archaeological efforts in the late 19th and 20th centuries, preserving its legacy for modern visitors. Its ruins offer tangible proof of a powerful and sophisticated civilization that once flourished here.
A visionary ruler who commissioned the vast Parakrama Samudra reservoir.
Known for elaborate rock carvings and preserving Buddhist heritage.
Ancient text detailing Sri Lanka's history, including Polonnaruwa's golden age.
Advanced engineering feats supporting agriculture and urban life.
Exquisite statues, dagobas, and temples demonstrating artistic mastery.
Polonnaruwa presents an unique blend of historical marvels and natural beauty. The archaeological site features well-preserved ruins, including grand palaces, revered temples, and intricate Buddha statues carved from rock. You can spend hours cycling along shaded paths, moving from one impressive structure to another. The sheer scale of the ruins and the artistry involved are truly inspiring.
Walk or cycle through the vast archaeological park.
Visit nearby national parks for elephant gatherings.
Beyond the ancient stones, the city provides access to wildlife experiences, especially the incredible elephant gatherings at nearby national parks. The tranquil Parakrama Samudra makes picturesque sunsets. Accommodations range from welcoming guesthouses to comfortable hotels, and local eateries serve authentic Sri Lankan cuisine. Polonnaruwa makes a calm, immersive historical experience, distinct from the bustling modern cities.
A visual journey through Polonnaruwa's grandeur.
Capturing the timeless beauty of its ancient structures and natural landscapes.
Magnificent temples and palaces.
Vast ancient reservoir.
Nearby elephant gatherings.
The Lankathilaka Vihara is a grand brick structure, demonstrating the architectural prowess of the Polonnaruwa period. Its towering walls and colossal standing Buddha statue make a powerful impression.
