Anuradhapura The Ancient Cities, Sri Lanka Travel Guide
One of the most sacred Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka. King Dutugemunu built it in 140 BCE. It is a massive, gleaming white dagoba, considered an architectural marvel of its time. The stupa is decorated with hundreds of elephant figures around its base. Visit at dawn or dusk for cooler temperatures, better light for photography, and a more spiritual atmosphere. It remains an active place of worship; dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees. Remove shoes before entering.
Once the tallest stupa in the world and the third tallest structure of its time, this massive brick edifice was built by King Mahasena in the 3rd century CE. Its sheer size, over 120 meters (400 feet) high, is breathtaking, even in its ruined state. Exploring this site has a powerful sense of the immense engineering and construction capabilities of ancient Sri Lanka; it utilized an estimated 93 million bricks.
This large monastic complex once rivaled the Mahavihara. It features the Abhayagiri Stupa, almost as large as Jetavanarama, and extensive ruins of monastic buildings, bathing ponds, and beautifully carved moonstones. It served as a center for a more liberal form of Buddhism. Explore the associated museum near the complex to view artifacts discovered here, which present context to the site's history and former grandeur.
Believed to be the first dagoba built in Sri Lanka after the introduction of Buddhism. King Devanampiya Tissa constructed it in the 3rd century BCE. It is said to enshrine the right collarbone of the Buddha. Noted for its unique Vatadage (circular relic house) structure, a stone circular fence that originally surrounded the stupa.
This sacred fig tree is believed to be the one southern branch from the historical Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India. Planted in Anuradhapura in 288 BCE, it is one of the oldest living human-planted trees with a known planting date. Visit early morning for fewer crowds and to witness active worship by devotees. Bring a Light shawl for covering your shoulders and knees.
A rock temple known for its ancient rock carvings, including the famous "Isurumuniya Lovers" and in-depth elephant carvings. A tranquil pond rests at its base. The temple is built around a natural rock formation. It features a tranquil atmosphere and beautiful views from the top of the rock.
All sites are open daily and are included in the ancient city ticket for foreigners, except Isurumuniya Vihara, which possesses a small separate fee (approx. 200 LKR).
The ruins of a magnificent nine-story palace that once housed Buddhist monks, built by King Dutugemunu. Only 1600 stone pillars remain, yet they present an idea of its vast magnitude and the structural ambition of the time. Visualize the grandeur of the original structure from the remaining pillars.
A masterpiece of ancient Sinhalese sculpture, this 4th-century CE statue depicts the Buddha in the Dhyana Mudra (meditation posture). It displays remarkable craftsmanship and serenity. This statue has a reflective and serene experience, serving as an artistic and spiritual aspect within the ancient city.
Two exquisitely designed and perfectly symmetrical bathing ponds, connected by an underground conduit. They represent ancient Sinhalese hydrological engineering and aesthetic sensibilities. Appreciate the intricate stonework, elegant design, and sophisticated water filtration system that once supplied clean water to these royal baths.
Beyond the immediate ancient city, more historical and natural wonders await.
The Anuradhapura Archaeological Museum, near the Brazen Palace, has valuable context to the ruins. Visit it before or during your exploration.
The ruins recount the tales of powerful kingdoms and the dawn of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
Ancient irrigation systems and monumental stupas showcase advanced engineering for their era.
Anuradhapura holds deep spiritual resonance for Buddhists worldwide as a pilgrimage destination.
Observe intricate stone carvings, moonstones, and the unique architectural styles of ancient structures.
Ongoing conservation work tries to protect these invaluable historical treasures for future generations.
Beyond its historical structures, Anuradhapura also has natural beauty, often tied to its ancient hydraulic systems.
Tissawewa Lake & Basawakkulama Lake are large, ancient artificial reservoirs (tanks) that once supplied water to the city and its extensive irrigation system. They now present scenic beauty and serve as habitats for various bird species.
While not a main wildlife destination like a national park, you can spot various bird species around the ancient lakes (tanks) and within the archaeological park. Monitor lizards are also common, often seen basking in the sun.
Enjoy a relaxing walk or a boat ride on Tissawewa, especially around sunset. Many guesthouses present views of these lakes, supplying a peaceful backdrop for your stay.
Witness Buddhist rituals at sunrise for a deeply spiritual experience. The gleaming white stupa glows in the morning light.
Learn MoreAscend the ancient steps of Mihintale at dawn or dusk. Capture panoramic views of the plains.
Explore Mihintale ToursSpend time at the Archaeological Museum before touring the ruins. Gain context and appreciation for the artifacts.
Rent a bicycle and cycle through the vast ancient city complex. Explore at your own pace and discover peaceful corners.
Enjoy a peaceful boat ride on Tissawewa Lake during sunset. Observe local birdlife and enjoy the tranquil atmosphere.
Consider hiring a local a tour guide or booking a tour to deepen your appreciation for Anuradhapura's historical and religious importance.
Utilize reputable platforms for seamless booking of tours and activities.
Respect the sacred nature of the sites. Modest dress (covering shoulders and knees) is required for both men and women at all religious locations.
Remove shoes when entering temple premises or sacred precincts. Silence and respectful behavior are appreciated, especially during active worship.
Mindful tourism practice safeguards its future.
Support local economies by purchasing from local vendors and staying in locally-owned accommodations.
Avoid touching or climbing on ancient structures. These sites are fragile and invaluable.
Preparation for your visit can enhance comfort and safety.
Plan visits during cooler parts of the day, like early morning or late afternoon.
Comfortable footwear and sun protection are for extensive site exploration.
Consider bringing socks for ambulating on hot stone surfaces at sacred sites.
Protect yourself from the strong tropical sun.
Apply sunscreen regularly, especially after sweating.
The most popular way to explore the vast archaeological park. Bicycles are available for rent from many guesthouses and shops near the site entrance. This method offers flexibility and immersion.
Hire a tuk-tuk for a half-day or full-day tour. Drivers often serve as informal guides, sharing insights. Agree on the price before starting your journey.
For more comfort, hire a car with a driver. This is especially good for groups or those preferring air-conditioned travel between sites.
