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How to Get to Erbil

How to Get to Erbil

Erbil Erbil, Iraq Travel Guide

Major Airports & Airlines

Erbil International Airport EBL

EBL is the only international airport directly serving Erbil. It is a modern facility situated conveniently close to downtown.

Location & Facilities

  • Located a short drive from Erbil city center.
  • Duty-free shops, cafes, and restaurants.
  • Currency exchange and vehicle hire services.

Connecting Airlines

Numerous international and regional airlines operate flights to EBL, connecting Erbil to major hubs in the Middle East and Europe.

Common Carriers & Hubs

  • Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, Qatar Airways, Emirates, flydubai.
  • Austrian Airlines, Lufthansa, Middle East Airlines, Royal Jordanian, Iraqi Airways.
  • Direct flights from Istanbul, Dubai, Doha, Frankfurt, Vienna, Amman, Beirut.

Price Fluctuations

Flight prices fluctuate based on demand, especially during peak travel seasons (Spring/Autumn) and major holidays. Dollar Flight Club for deals.

Typical Routes

Most travelers from abroad from distant regions require a layover in major European or Middle Eastern hubs. Skyscanner helps find routes.

Airport Transfers

Taxis are readily available outside EBL. Many hotels offer complimentary or paid shuttle services. Pre-arrange private transfers for convenience.

Direct Flight Options & Layover Tips

Direct Flight Access

  • Some direct flights exist from European cities like Frankfurt and Vienna.
  • Connecting flights from major European hubs are common.
  • Middle Eastern hubs like Dubai, Doha, and Amman also provide connections.
  • Flight service generally remains consistent throughout the year.

Smart Layover Planning

  • Allocate adequate time for connections, especially in busy hubs.
  • Consider carry-on only for shorter layovers to simplify travel.
  • Utilize airport WiFi during layovers to check updates or communicate.
  • Upon arrival at EBL, purchase a local SIM card immediately to remain in touch.

Airport Services & Convenience

Dining & Retail

Various cafes and restaurants meet traveler needs. Duty-free shops are available for both arrivals and departures.

Connectivity

SIM card vendors at the airport allow immediate local connectivity. Stay in touch from the moment you land.

Comfort Facilities

VIP lounges are available for eligible passengers, offering comfort and facilities before you set off.

Land Transportation Options

Border Crossings

Land travel to Erbil is common, specifically from neighboring Turkey and Iran, and from elsewhere in the Kurdistan Region.

Land Entry Points

  • From Turkey: Ibrahim Khalil/Habur border crossing; VOA often available for eligible nationalities.
  • From Iran: Haji Omaran, Bashmakh; VOA less consistently applied, pre-arranged visas often needed.
  • From Federal Iraq: Checkpoints exist; KRI visa not valid for federal Iraq; separate federal visa needed.

Intercity & Local Travel

Erbil does not have train service. Shared taxis and minivans are the main mode for intercity travel within the Kurdistan Region. Limited large bus services exist.

Transportation Methods

  • Shared Taxis/Minivans: Depart from specific garages/terminals when full; common for intercity.
  • Long-distance Buses: Limited services, often for specific routes or private groups.
  • Self-driving: Possible with IDP, but not recommended for first-time visitors due to local driving habits.

Self-Driving Considerations

An International Driving Permit (IDP) with your home country's driving license is needed. Self-driving is possible but not recommended for first-time visitors due to area driving behaviors.

Driving Safely

  • Local driving habits are aggressive, with frequent use of horns and sudden lane changes.
  • Unmarked speed bumps and livestock on rural roads are common hazards.
  • Main roads are generally well-maintained, but roads outside of town can be less developed.

Road Conditions & Security

Drive defensively and stay vigilant. Road checkpoints are common throughout the KRI. Cooperate fully with security personnel. Road signage may not always be clear or in English.

Safety Measures

  • Always cooperate fully with security personnel at checkpoints.
  • Everyone must wear a seatbelt.
  • No train service is available to or from Erbil.

Important Travel Advisories

  • Sea or river arrivals are not relevant for reaching Erbil as it is landlocked.
  • Confirm visa requirements for land border crossings, as policies vary.
  • Always verify the most current border crossing information before travel.
  • Book rental cars in advance, especially in the high season. DiscoverCars.com for options.
  • Motorcycle and scooter rentals are not common for tourists.
  • Bicycle sharing programs are not widely available in Erbil.

Departure Information from Erbil

Air Travel Departure

Any applicable exit fees or taxes for flying are typically included in your airline ticket price. You usually do not need to pay additional fees at the airport upon departure.

Departure Procedures at EBL

  • Arrive at least 2-3 hours before scheduled international flight departure.
  • Expect thorough security checks during the departure process.
  • Complete necessary departure immigration forms and present your passport.

Airport Facilities for Departing Travelers

EBL offers similar facilities for departing travelers as it does upon arrival, including cafes, restaurants, duty-free shops, and lounges.

Services Available

  • Various dining options for a pre-flight meal or snack.
  • Duty-free buying last-minute souvenirs or gifts.
  • Comfortable lounges for relaxation before takeoff.

Check-in Efficiency

Allow ample time for check-in procedures to avoid any rush before your flight. Online check-in, if available, saves time.

Exit Fees

No extra exit fees usually apply at the airport, as they are part of your ticket price. Verify your ticket details.

Shared Taxi Departure

If departing by shared taxi, confirm the correct terminal and allow time to find your vehicle. Arrive with adequate time.

Travel Insurance & Contingencies

Importance of Travel Insurance

Travel insurance is highly recommended. A comprehensive policy ensures peace of mind for various unforeseen circumstances during your trip to Erbil.

Coverage Benefits

  • Medical emergencies, including hospital stays and doctor visits.
  • Emergency medical evacuation for serious injuries or illnesses.
  • Trip cancellations or interruptions for unexpected events.

Planning for the Unexpected

Review policy details carefully to understand coverage limits and exclusions. Be aware of standard earthquake safety guidelines, though seismic activity is rare.

Preparedness Points

  • Lost or stolen luggage coverage for your belongings.
  • Keep local emergency lines programmed into your phone.
  • Share your itinerary and emergency contacts with family or friends back home.

Emergency Assistance Resources

Local Support

Police: 104, Ambulance: 122, Fire: 115. These numbers provide immediate local assistance.

Consular Assistance

Keep the contact details for your country's embassy in Baghdad or KRG representation office in Erbil readily accessible.

Insurance Contact

Have your travel insurance policy number and emergency contact details stored both digitally and physically.

Pre-Departure Checklist

Review all travel documents for validity. Confirm accommodation details and transfer arrangements. Inform your bank of your travel dates.