Kos Dodecanese, Greece Travel Guide
The island’s terrain has a striking contrast. The central and northern areas feature fertile plains, which historically support a rich agricultural tradition. Here, vast olive groves, vineyards, and fields cultivate a variety of produce. Running along the southeastern coast, the Dikeos mountain range dominates the skyline. Mount Dikeos, reaching 846 meters (2,776 feet), is the highest peak. These mountains offer opportunities for hiking, providing panoramic views of the island, the surrounding Aegean, and even the Turkish coastline on clear days.
Consider renting a bicycle in Kos Town to explore the flat coastal paths linking the town to nearby beaches like Lambi and Psalidi.
This provides a pleasant way to see the immediate surroundings and soak in the coastal atmosphere.
Kos is a long and rich history, going back to the Neolithic period, with human settlement as early as 3000 BC. The island’s most significant historical cltry to fame rests with Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine," born in Kos around 460 BC. He revolutionized medical practice, moving it from superstition to observation and rational diagnosis. The ancient Asclepieion, a healing temple dedicated to Asclepius, the god of medicine, functioned as a prominent medical school and pilgrimage site. Visitors today wander through the ruins of this complex, imagining students learning the principles of Hippocratic Oath.
During the classical period, Kos served as a prominent member of the Delian League. Later, Kos became part of the Byzantine Empire. From the 14th to 16th centuries, the Knights Hospitaller, also known as the Order of St. John, ruled Kos, fortifying the island with impressive castles. The island then came under Ottoman rule for nearly four centuries, introducing Islamic architecture. In the early 20th century, Kos was occupied by Italy, which brought significant infrastructure development. Finally, after World War II, Kos became part of Greece in 1948.
Birth of Hippocrates, father of medicine.
Member of Delian League; critical importance.
Prosperity, visible in villas and Odeon.
Knights Hospitaller fortify island; Neratzia Castle built.
Kos rejoins Greece after centuries of foreign rule.
The Roman Odeon, a well-preserved theater, still hosts cultural events today. Neratzia Castle, guarding Kos Town’s harbor, is a top example of the Knights Hospitaller's military architecture and engineering prowess. Its imposing walls and towers tell a story of chivalry and conflict. Another example, Antimachia Castle, inland, offers another perspective on its defensive network. Ottoman influences are still visible in some of the town's older neighborhoods, plus Italian rule left an unique blend of Dodecanesian, Ottoman, plus Italian architecture.
Today, visitors explore these historical layers. The Plane Tree of Hippocrates, even though not the original, is an emblem of the island's medical heritage. The Ancient Agora offers a glimpse into daily life in ancient times. These sites collectively narrate the long and assorted journey of Kos, making it a destination rich in historical learning and cultural immersion.
The preservation of these sites is a point of pride for the islanders, offering a tangible connection to their ancestors and the various civilizations that have called Kos home. The island’s shape and position ensure a wealth of coastal diversity, from long sandy stretches to secluded coves and rocky outcrops. These varied environments support a wide range of flora and fauna, making the island appealing for nature lovers.
The island's geological makeup, especially its fertile volcanic soil in certain areas, has long supported robust agriculture. This supply of fresh, local produce throughout the year, a highlight of Kos'the city's cuisine.
Kos, an isle within the Dodecanese group, provides an experience to every traveler. Its official name is Kos (Κως), and it belongs to Greece, a nation renowned for its history and island beauty. Kos City serves as the island’s capital and main urban center.
This bustling town combines historical depth with modern amenities, acting as the main hub for both residents and visitors. The island covers an approximate area of 295.3 square kms (114.0 square miles), making it easily navigable while still offering diverse landscapes and attractions. Its population stands at about 33,388 residents, according to the 2021 census.
Tourism drives the island's main economy. Beyond tourism, agriculture is a place in the local economy. The productive plains support the cultivation of grapes, almonds, figs, olives, tomatoes, melons, wheat, and corn.
The official language is Greek, though English is widely spoken in tourist establishments. German plus Italian are also understood. The currency used is the Euro (€). Kos operates on Eastern European Time (GMT+2/GMT+3).
The island hosts its own international airport, Kos International Airport "Hippocrates" (KGS). Kos Town Port serves as the main entry point for ferries. Mastichari Port also functions as a connection point for nearby islands.
Kos draws visitors for many reasons, each contributing to its reputation as a well-rounded travel destination. Its numerous beaches offer varied experiences, from long stretches of golden sand ideal for sunbathing to pebbly coves perfect for snorkeling.
