Jiangsu, China
Uncover the layers of a destination inviting exploration, offering an unique perspective on China.
Nanjing, historically known as Nanking, is a prime position as the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. Its location on the southern bank of the mighty Yangtze River, China's longest waterway, shaped its development and character. Positioned approximately 260 kilometers (160 miles) northwest of Shanghai, Nanjing serves as a significant urban center within the thriving Yangtze River Delta region.
The city rests within the lower Yangtze River basin, a geographical area with a mix of rolling hills, expansive plains, and numerous interconnected waterways. To the city's east, Zijinshan (Purple Mountain) rises, providing a verdant backdrop and serving as a large natural park. Within the urban expanse, the prominent Xuanwu Lake offers a substantial body of water, providing an urban oasis for recreation and relaxation.
Nanjing's history spans over 2,500 years. For over 1,700 years, the city served as the capital for various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms, and republican governments, a rare distinction placing it among the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China: Beijing, Luoyang, and Xi'an. This long history as a seat of power imbues Nanjing with a profound sense of historical weight, visible in its architecture, cultural sites, and the very fabric of the city.
The Ming Dynasty, from the 14th to 17th centuries, brought Nanjing to its zenith. Zhu Yuanzhang, the dynasty's first emperor, established Nanjing as his capital in 1368. Under his reign, the city transformed into a grand imperial metropolis. He ordered the construction of the formidable Ming City Wall, the longest city wall in the world, and the impressive Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, his own burial site and an UNESCO World Heritage Site. These structures showcase the dynasty's power and architectural prowess, offering visitors a tangible connection to this period of immense national strength.
Nanjing (Jiankang) rose to cultural and political prominence as a center for scholarship and art.
Capital under Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, construction of City Wall and Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum.
The city became Tianjing, the capital of the rebellion, for over a decade.
An era of modernization alongside profound tragedy, including the Nanjing Massacre.
A significant cultural and educational hub with numerous universities and museums.
Even after losing its status as national capital, Nanjing continues to function as a significant cultural and educational center. Its numerous universities, museums, and research institutions uphold its legacy as a hub of knowledge and innovation. For travelers, this rich historical narrative means every corner of Nanjing offers a story, from grand imperial sites to poignant memorials, providing an immersive and educational travel experience.
The formidable Ming City Wall is the longest city wall in the world, a testament to 14th-century engineering and power.
An impressive UNESCO World Heritage Site, this serves as the burial site for the first Ming Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang.
A visible connection to history defines Nanjing's urban landscape, offering a profound sense of its past.
Nanjing, a sprawling and metropolis, is a population of approximately 9.5 million permanent residents, based on 2023 official estimates. This large population reflects its status as a major regional urban energy and diverse community. The city covers an area of about 6,600 square kilometers (2,500 square miles), a vast expanse encompassing both its dense urban core and surrounding suburban districts, along with natural landscapes like Purple Mountain.
Administratively, Nanjing is divided into 11 districts, each with its unique character. The city's economy is robust and diversified, with electronics, automotive manufacturing, petrochemicals, and iron and steel production. Nanjing is also a leading center for advanced manufacturing, reflecting its forward-looking economic strategy. Beyond its industrial strength, Nanjing is a major hub for education and scientific research.
Approximately 9.5 million permanent residents (2023).
Diverse industries: electronics, automotive, petrochemicals, advanced manufacturing, and research.
Mandarin Chinese (Nanjing dialect). English is limited outside main tourist areas.
Nanjing Operates on China Standard Time (CST), which is UTC+8. This single time zone applies across all of mainland China, providing consistency for travelers moving between different Chinese cities. The official currency used in Nanjing, as throughout China, Is the Chinese Yuan (CNY), also known as Renminbi (RMB).
