Nepal
The Annapurna region exhibits a wide range of microclimates due to dramatic elevation changes. Spring (March-May) offers mild temperatures and generally stable weather. At lower elevations (below 2,000m), temperatures hover between 10°C to 20°C (50-68°F). At higher altitudes, like near Thorong La Pass, temperatures range from 0°C to 10°C (32-50°F). Precipitation is generally low, though it rises towards May, bringing occasional pre-monsoon showers. Humidity stays moderate. Skies are usually clear, offering excellent mountain views. Autumn (September-November) is widely considered the peak trekking season. The monsoon rains clear, leaving behind a refreshed landscape and remarkably stable weather. You will find clear skies and exceptional mountain views. Temperatures are comfortable: 10°C to 20°C (50-68°F) at lower elevations, cooling to -5°C to 5°C (23-41°F) at higher altitudes. Precipitation and humidity are low, making for ideal trekking conditions.
Summer/Monsoon (June-August) brings heavy rainfall, notably at lower elevations. Trails can become muddy, slippery, and prone to leeches. The risk of landslides and rockfalls also rises. Temperatures range from 15°C to 25°C (59-77°F) at lower elevations and 5°C to 15°C (41-59°F) at higher altitudes. Humidity is high, and cloud cover often obscures the stunning mountain views. Despite the challenges, the landscape is incredibly lush and green, and there are far fewer trekkers. Winter (December-February) sees temperatures drop significantly, especially at higher altitudes. Lower elevations experience temperatures from 5°C to 15°C (41-59°F). At high altitudes, temperatures can plummet to -15°C to 0°C (5-32°F) or even colder. Precipitation is low, but heavy snowfall is possible at higher elevations. Thorong La Pass frequently closes during this period due to deep snow, making a full circuit difficult or impassable.
Nepal does not experience hurricanes. However, other specific weather considerations are important for the Annapurna Circuit.
Monsoons (June-August) define this season with daily rainfall. Trails become saturated, calling for waterproof gear and extra caution against slips and falls. Leeches are common in the lower, forested sections. Clouds often hide the peaks, so expect fewer panoramic views. Landslides and rockfalls are hazards, specifically on newly built jeep roads. Plan for slower progress and wet conditions. Extreme Temperatures: The high-altitude sections, especially Thorong La Pass (5,416m / 17,769 ft), consistently experience sub-zero temperatures. This is true even in peak seasons during early mornings, evenings, and overnight. Winter brings extremely severe cold. Proper layering and insulated gear prevents hypothermia and frostbite. Snowfall: Possible at higher elevations from late November through March. Heavy snowfall can make Thorong La Pass impassable, forcing trekkers to turn back or wait for conditions to improve. Always check local conditions and forecasts before attempting the pass during these months. Consult tea house owners or guides for current pass conditions.
Be prepared for changing conditions.
Autumn (September to November) provides the clearest and crispest mountain views, with minimal haze.
Thorong La Pass crossing is best attempted in Autumn and Spring. Snow conditions are most favorable then.
Match your visit to your interests.
Spring (March to May) is ideal for witnessing blooming rhododendrons in the lower and mid-altitudes.
Winter offers stunning snowy landscapes but the pass may be closed. Only for experienced trekkers.
Capture breathtaking landscapes.
Autumn and Spring offer optimal light and clear skies for capturing stunning landscapes.
Monsoon means frequent cloud cover, reducing panoramic views.
The most common visa for travelers to Nepal is the Tourist Visa. You can obtain this visa upon arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) in Kathmandu, or at various land border crossings. These crossings include Kodari, Belhiya (Bhairahawa), Kakarbhitta, Birgunj, Mahendranagar, Dhangadi, and Gaddachauki. To expedite your process at the airport, you can fill out an Online visa application form within 15 days of your arrival date. Completing this form beforehand saves time at the visa kiosks upon landing.
Visa fees vary based on the duration of your stay: 15 Days: US$ 30, 30 Days: US$ 50, 90 Days: US$ 125. Payment for the visa goes in major convertible currencies. The airport accepts USD, Euro, GBP, AUD, CAD, HKD, SGD, and JPY. While credit cards are accepted, paying with cash is often recommended due to occasional reliability issues with card machines. Have the exact amount ready in a major currency.
Passport valid for at least six months from entry. One recent passport-sized photograph with a light background (less than six months old). Completed Arrival Card. Printed slip from online visa form or complete form at airport kiosks. Proof of sufficient funds (recommended, not always enforced).
Proceed to Kiosk Machine for electronic details. Scan pre-filled form barcode or complete new form. Take slip, passport, and visa fee to immigration counter. Officer verifies documents, collects fee, issues visa. Proceed to baggage claim and customs. The process is generally efficient, but queues are possible.
Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): NPR 3,000 (US$ 25-30) for foreign nationals. Trekkers' Information Management System (TIMS) Card: NPR 2,000 (US$ 17-20) for independent trekkers, NPR 1,000 (US$ 8-10) with registered guide. Obtain both at Nepal Tourism Board offices in Kathmandu or Pokhara. Carry originals in a Waterproof bag.
No specific health entry requirements for Nepal, unless from a Yellow Fever risk country. Consult your doctor or travel health clinic for recommended vaccinations for high altitudes.
Costs vary based on your travel style and how you manage logistics. Prices reflect individual choices for savings or splurges.
The official currency of Nepal is the Nepali Rupee (NPR). The exchange rate between the Nepali Rupee and major foreign currencies fluctuates. Check current rates before your trip using reliable online converters. As a rough guide, 1 USD typically exchanges for 130-135 NPR. ATMs are readily available in Kathmandu and Pokhara, allowing local currency withdrawals. Exchange counters are also common in these tourist areas. It is advisable to exchange a sufficient amount of money in these cities before you start the trek. As you ascend into the mountains, ATM availability becomes limited, and exchange rates at tea houses or small village shops are less favorable or non-existent. Cash (NPR) is a necessity for most transactions on the trek. This includes paying for your tea house accommodation, all meals, hot showers, device charging, and small purchases. Credit cards are rarely accepted beyond major cities and a few higher-end establishments in tourist hubs. Ensure you carry enough cash for the entire trekking duration. A good approach for spending involves budgeting daily expenses and carrying extra for emergencies or unexpected costs.
Accommodation (Tea Houses): NPR 500-1,500 (US$ 4-12) for a basic twin room. Some tea houses may offer rooms free of charge if you commit to eating all your meals there. Meals: Dal Bhat (unlimited refills): NPR 600-1,000 (US$ 5-8). Noodle Soup/Thukpa: NPR 400-800 (US$ 3-6). Eggs/Toast Breakfast: NPR 300-600 (US$ 2-5). Tea/Coffee: NPR 100-300 (US$ 0.80-2.50). Boiled water (per liter): NPR 100-200 (US$ 0.80-1.60). Bottled water: NPR 100-500 (US$ 0.80-4) – becomes very expensive at higher altitudes. Avoid buying Bottled water to save money and reduce plastic waste.
Explore these options for travel insurance designed for adventurous travelers, digital nomads, or those seeking medical and travel-related coverage:
The high altitude and remote nature of the trail present unique challenges. Plan thoroughly for a safe and enjoyable journey.
Consult a travel health clinic or your doctor at least 4-6 weeks before your trip. Common suggestions often include: Hepatitis A and B, Typhoid, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (TDAP), Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR), Polio, Rabies, Japanese Encephalitis.
A common issue due to changes in food and water hygiene. Practice strict food and water hygiene. Drink only purified, boiled, or bottled water. Use a LifeStraw portable water filter or purification tablets. Eat hot, freshly cooked food. Avoid raw vegetables, unpeeled fruits, and food from unhygienic street stalls. Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an Alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
High altitude means increased exposure to harmful UV radiation. Use high-SPF sunscreen, wear a wide-brimmed hat, quality sunglasses, and protective clothing.
Altitude Sickness (Acute Mountain Sickness - AMS): This is the foremost health concern. It can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions (HACE or HAPE).
Prevention: Acclimatization is the most central strategy. Follow a gradual ascent profile. Incorporate rest days, notably in Manang (3,540m), where you can "hike high, sleep low" on side trips. Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids (3-5 liters per day), mainly water. Dehydration worsens AMS symptoms. Avoid alcohol and excessive caffeine. Slow Pace: Walk slowly, even if you feel fit. "Pace like a snail, not a race." Medication: Consult your doctor about prophylactic use of Acetazolamide (Diamox). Carry it for emergency descent if symptoms worsen.
Symptoms: Headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, loss of appetite, shortness of breath upon exertion, trouble sleeping. Action: If symptoms appear, do not ascend further. Rest at the same altitude or, if symptoms worsen, descend immediately. Descent is the only cure for severe AMS.
Hypothermia/Frostbite: Risk exists in cold, high-altitude conditions. Prevention: Wear layered clothing, including waterproof and windproof outer layers. Use a Warm sleeping bag. Stay well-hydrated and nourished. Leeches: Common during monsoon season at lower elevations. Prevention: Wear long pants and socks. Apply Insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin.
Kathmandu/Pokhara: Hospitals and clinics offer varying standards of care. CIWEC Hospital in Kathmandu is a reputable travel clinic. On the Trek: Basic health posts exist in larger villages (e.g., Manang). The Himalayan Rescue Association (HRA) operates aid posts. For severe cases, helicopter evacuation is often the main and fastest option. This is extremely expensive and calls for comprehensive travel insurance.
Do not drink tap water without purification. Options: Boiled water (available at tea houses for a fee), bottled water (avoid to reduce plastic waste), filtered water using a Sawyer water filter or similar device, or water purification tablets. Food: Prioritize freshly cooked, hot meals. Avoid salads and unpeeled fruits unless prepared in a trusted establishment.
Police: 100, Ambulance: 102, Fire: 101, Tourist Police: +977-1-4247041 (Kathmandu). Keep your embassy/consulate contact details ready. Share itinerary with someone back home. Consider a satellite communication device like a Garmin inReach Mini 2 for emergencies without cell service.
Nepal generally has a low crime rate against tourists. The main concerns on the Annapurna Circuit are natural hazards.
