This country, sometimes overlooked, presents itself as a land of quiet natural beauty, rich tradition, and warm hospitality to those willing to look closer. Prepare for a journey that connects you with the true spirit of East Africa.
Burundi is a distinctive position in the Great Rift Valley. This landlocked country shares borders with Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. A substantial part of its western boundary is Lake Tanganyika, holding a significant portion of the planet's fresh surface water.
The country's interior features a landscape largely dominated by hills and mountains, earning it the nickname "Land of a Thousand Hills." An eastern plateau diversifies the terrain. The average elevation is approximately 1,700 meters (5,577 feet) above sea level, contributing to its generally moderate climate. Mount Heha, the nation's highest point, reaches 2,684 meters (8,806 feet).
The Kingdom of Burundi stood as a centralized political structure as early as the 16th century, governed by a Mwami (king). This pre-colonial kingdom maintained its independence for centuries, developing distinct cultural practices. European colonial powers arrived in the late 19th century. Burundi became part of German East Africa in the 1890s. Following World War I, Burundi was mandated to Belgium by the League of Nations, forming the territory known as Ruanda-Urundi.
Burundi gained independence on July 1, 1962, initially as a constitutional monarchy. Prince Louis Rwagasore, a revered national hero, played a significant part in the independence movement. The monarchy was overthrown in 1966, establishing a republic. The post-independence period saw ethnic tensions and civil conflicts. A major turning point arrived with the Arusha Accords, a peace agreement signed in 2000, aiming to establish power-sharing and reconciliation.
Rise of the Kingdom of Burundi, a centralized monarchy.
German East Africa colonial period begins.
Belgian Mandate (Ruanda-Urundi).
Burundi gains independence.
Arusha Accords peace agreement.
Burundi's history influences its present. The resilient spirit of the Burundian people shines through. Many are eager to share their culture and hopes for the future.
The altitude varies across Burundi. Be prepared for cooler temperatures in mountainous areas compared to the warmer lakeside region of Bujumbura. Layers of clothing are always a good idea.
The hilly terrain shapes many aspects of life and offers breathtaking panoramic views. Embrace the natural contours of this beautiful land.
From its heights, panoramic views extend over the undulating landscape. The lowest point, Lake Tanganyika, is at 772 meters (2,533 feet). This varied geography creates distinct microclimates and supports diverse ecosystems.
A quick overview of Burundi's characteristics:
Official Name: Republic of Burundi. Capital Cities: Gitega (political/administrative) and Bujumbura (economic/largest city). Population (2024 estimate): Approximately 13.5 million. Area: 27,834 square kilometers (10,747 square miles). Main Languages: Kirundi (national), French (official), Swahili (commercial areas). Government Type: Presidential Republic. Major Ethnic Groups: Hutu, Tutsi, Twa. Religion: Predominantly Christian. GDP (nominal, 2023 estimate): Approximately $3.3 billion USD. Time Zone: Central Africa Time (CAT), UTC+2. Calling Code: +257. Internet TLD: .bi.
Kirundi, French, and Swahili are spoken across the nation. Learning a few Kirundi phrases is appreciated.
Gitega holds the political seat, while Bujumbura is the economic heart and largest urban center.
Burundi has a youthful population, with a large percentage under the age of 18.
Burundi remains one of the world's least developed countries, with its economy mainly agricultural. Coffee cultivation is a main export.
